Sun Liping black kiln slave labor and the survival of the underlying ecological

 Lingnan forum. Public Forum
Speaker: Sun Liping (Professor of Sociology, Tsinghua University)
Organizer: Guangdong Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department, Guangdong Provincial Federation of Social Sciences
by: Southern Metropolis Daily Co: Guangdong Institute of Humanities, Science and Technology Library of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City Yuexiu District Library
Time: August 11 Location: Xian Lie Zhong Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Science and Technology Library 100 Hall
topic Introduction: Shanxi black kilns slave labor case, as the responsible person is processed, it seems necessary to come to a close by. But this incident of torture in our society, perhaps only just beginning.
a month ago, I have proposed, to be alert to the bottom the deterioration of ecological survival, to protect the underlying social and ecological survival. In the case of growing social differentiation, the redistribution and social security is certainly an important means to alleviate the gap between rich and poor, but to fundamentally change the poor and vulnerable groups, living conditions, only a redistribution is not enough, need practical measures to improve their market opportunities and status. improvement of disadvantaged groups in the market opportunities and status, the most important is the opportunity to make a living, and livelihood opportunities are present in a kinds of social-ecological systems.
At the time, black coal mines in Shanxi things have not been disclosed. Now looking back, protecting the lower socio-ecological problems than the survival of the imagination also had much more severe. For Shanxi (in fact Shanxi Province is much more than) the phenomenon of the black kiln slave labor, after the initial denounce and condemn, the people are from a different perspective to appreciate it. If the social structure from the point of view, the phenomenon of the black kiln slave labor that the important point, is the survival of lower classes or the underlying ecological signs of deterioration are beginning to emerge.
guests Description: Professor of Sociology Department of Tsinghua University. Professor Sun from the mid-80s last century, modern research in social work and social circles which become One of the main representatives in the field of early .90, gradually shifted his academic interest in the social structure of China research, proposed the From the mid-90s, I started research on oral social history In 2002, in the seminar, read the Newspapers were widely reproduced at home and abroad. with a description of the situation at the crossroads of China's reform of the Members Southern Metropolis Daily's Readers, Good morning. under the very heavy rain this morning, also caused so much friends, I'm on stage, the new phase of Lingnan forum began, I saw many old friends, but also see a lot of new friends.
Today, we invited Professor of Sociology Department of Tsinghua University, the famous sociologist, Mr. Sun Liping told us about the survival of black coal mines and the underlying state of the subject. Professor Sun's long-term social transformation since the reform and opening up and social structure of long-term observation and deep thinking, and Professor Sun has described the state of China's reform at the crossroads of two books, Ministry of the article are often some very accurate keywords, for example, after the social transformation of China's reform and structural, Sun teachers use the word ; break I see the teacher's Sun article, a word with the most is not fatal. Here we have the time to Professor Sun Liping, everyone welcome.
】 【Sun Liping, thank you. you good morning, very pleased to have this opportunity to the black brick kiln incident, some thought it to you to make a report. Today, I want to talk about three issues.
first black kiln slave labor and the deterioration of underlying ecological survival.
slave labor in brick kilns and the phenomenon that is the scourge of a typical poor, poor, weak and humiliated the phenomenon of weak
First we need to have a judge that the disclosure out of the black kiln slave labor, what is what kind of phenomenon? the disclosure of this matter has been for some time, people's reflection is also underway But we often see a lot of reflection in which people often thought that such an analysis, for example, the oppression of capital to labor, collusion, and so, in fact, my personal opinion, I do not agree with some of this ideas. Why? we can find that there are any decent capital? no! either contractors or kiln owners, in fact, are not really decent capital. This Is there a decent power to do ? has not. be exposed Wang Binbin, because his father was branch secretary, county deputies, so it is easy to think of this power which is the background, has the power of collaboration, but where reporters call me, He said that, in fact, open a kiln, not necessarily when the party branch secretary of the father, because a village kilns tend to have more than a dozen ports, where there are so many branch secretary.
this and we look at these to see these problems of traditional ideas may not be fully fit, they do not fit these lines, we should treat it as what is it? my personal opinion, black brick kiln and brick kiln slave labor phenomenon which shows that a typical poor is the scourge of the poor, a phenomenon of bullying the weak weak.
several ways we can. First disclosed that the most typical kiln in Shanxi Cao Village, to see how a reporter described the village. He said so This is an obscure village in remote villages, the survey had to transfer personnel to the scene to take place off-road vehicles are generally vehicles can not last, if not May 27 That big shaking, not the remote host may still attract external attention, a lot of disclosure from the brick kilns out of view, these black brick base located in remote, backward and poor areas, especially mountainous areas.
we can count on them in the economic accounts of these kilns was disclosed as typical Wang Binbin brick kiln, brick kiln is good business, a year's time, running a business may be we all know, is a native of the land in Shanxi, the equipment, he came to bear the tax, runs batted down relationship, he contracted the kiln is a foreign labor contractor. In Wang Binbin contractors in the kiln is a Henan by the contractors to organize production, lying to these people. he organized the production year How many bricks in the production of it? three million bricks. told reporters that it is better local management of the brick kilns, brick kilns in general is hundred and eighty million bricks a year, and some that is six or one hundred thousand brick, and then put these tiles sold 3 6 kiln owners, 9 cents to sell the kiln owners. The people have cheated over Henan, limit personal freedom, so that they work as slaves, six dogs looked at, looked at a few thugs, produced three million bricks a year. This three million migrants was received in the past, gave 11 million dollars, this is not the contractors all the profits, because we know that these slaves if the next day can also labor, then at least have to be able to eat, even eat buns, cabbage salad, one would have 150 dollars thirty days, thirty workers a month have four or five thousand non-black market, one year is forty or fifty thousand, not to pay, just eat the cost, have to remove half the cost of meals, which is more than fifty thousand dollars, and the remaining five or six million dollars there. Also to keep six dogs, dogs gotta eat better than some of slave labor, have raised a few thugs, and other operating costs, the last forty or fifty thousand dollars may be on the left, we imagine, for even if the labor contractor is a Lei Feng, a point I money and do not, this forty or fifty thousand dollars, more than thirty minutes of labor here, all to labor, how much each person can point?
accordance with the general situation, this is the production of three million bricks, and if six or seven hundred thousand brick hundred and eighty million bricks, the rest of the general contractors a year to twenty thousand dollars, the kiln owners then? In general, the income of the kiln owners and contractors about the same. that most of the The kiln owners an annual income of twenty thousand dollars also one, I count the economic account, trying to make is it? This is a normal economic and social life that we have been very different, and the existence of an alternative .
As I said, I do not agree with the labor relations to explain the matter, even do not agree with the collusion to explain, of course, the bribery of local officials may exist, but consider also the year twenty thousand dollars for a profit, what can tick collusion out? What can go hook? not get out of a decent collusion. Then we see from such a perspective, this incident which involved to the parties, just said the contractors, in fact, a year ago, the contractors are just a person working at the construction site. The kiln owners in fact is an ordinary farmer, and that when the kiln workers, to the kiln workers who deceived, they are actually weaker than the weak, the elderly, children, mentally challenged, etc..
such a situation, so we will have a very deep feelings, the feelings and our past If the factory to see among the general labor relations, or the upper with the lower Ye Hao, Ye Hao, or the so-called elite with the public, with such ideas may not fit. Marx said capital to the world is the pursuit of profit, if there are one hundred percent of the profits will desperate, there are two hundred percent of the profits would violate various laws, there are three hundred percent of the profits or even take the risk of being hanged. but in this case be able to see a decent capital? do not see to! twenty thousand dollars a year, but the reality of kiln workers and black in sharp contrast to the twenty thousand dollars will murderous, murder, deprivation of liberty, not to fight the curse, or even destroyed life, that is twenty thousand dollars in the pursuit of this occurred during, or just to chase that occurred twenty thousand dollars.
This gives us the possibility of showing how the past does not come into contact with, even in the our normal way of thinking, we consider the framework of the problem is difficult to put to reality. such a reality, as I said, it is essentially a poor man scourge of the poor, the weak, a phenomenon of bullying the weak, but we now need to consider the question as to why such a phenomenon occur? why there? in a place where resources are very scarce, even slightly higher status than others, so a little bit, even if they do not suffer simply to bully, you have to to bully others.
Recently, a hatchet man sentenced to death, of course, he killed a person committed heinous crimes, he deserved, but what kind of people? He is a very high return to play people? not. He had also a slave, he was hit in the past, the contractors hit him in the head with a pump, in order that he is not playing, he became the thugs, killing a man, not even a little reward, not only for their own beaten. So in that brick kilns were, that mentally retarded children were killed, a shovel was shot in the head, died two days later, it is so buried. to such a hatchet man, not even a little reward.
fact, this phenomenon, which exists not only in brick kilns, we think, is that Sun Zhigang, was killed in the last few years, Sun Zhigang whom killed it? also be the same world people were sheltered people killed. We can see that behind such a phenomenon, in fact, the ecological survival of a group of people, such an ecosystem to survive in an extreme way to express it, but in fact the reality of our of life, this deterioration can say that we almost everywhere, but not so extreme it. a thing had occurred the previous period, an oilfield in North China, appeared in a surprise divorce, why attack a divorce? there are several hundred all within a few days the couple divorced, say hello to each other, we found that they were asked, ? Because when oil out of a paper, who in the past buyouts, that is, paid labor relations, if it is in the divorce state, you can get a re-employment opportunities, how much can get wages? 432 yuan a months. Why these couples divorce? have Jiaxizhenzuo there are also the last really goes away, and surprise divorce is to think through this to more than four dollars a month in exchange for the jobs. From this we see it seems more moderate than the black brick kilns, much easier to accept our psychology, but in essence it is one thing. a marriage breakdown, which corresponds to a monthly income of 432 dollars of work, there is a wicked , murder, may be a corresponding twenty thousand dollars of income. so what can equate a normal phenomenon you?
here, it reflects the underlying logic of these absurd and cruel , both for the 432 dollar monthly salary while the divorce Ye Hao, twenty thousand dollars or to a murder, murderous Ye Hao, are embodied in such a ridiculous and cruel logic. and in such a logic, Such an ecosystem which, we will see that we can be emotionally difficult to accept that reality, what kind of a reality? is the bottom of the fall, or I call it the bottom of the fall.
poor without the resources to resist degradation hands
many years past the traditional education we give such an impression that we are in a reasonable society, and one end is a group of rich, very rich, but morally wrong, in other end is more poor, very poor, but industrious and simple. But such an impression, I think through the black brick kiln incident is broken, here we see only a hard-working, simple poverty? or that we further asked that this time the bottom, this time the poor, the show was just a hard-working, simple image? not. this evil, or evil that broke through the bottom line, its participants, manufacturers who are poor and low-level part. So, Mr. Lu Xun once said the original sentence, he said, black brick kiln incident from which you can see, the weak the weak mutilation, the harmful effects of the weak, weak, may reach the point where a more cruel, because he did not resources. then such a situation, it is easy to think of a film lie, saying that the local coal mining is very profitable, dug up together with us, after which they look for opportunities to cheat to kill other people, create an accident scene, posing as the deceased's family to mine the main pension, to compensate. The two men killed one person every two or three million dollars to get some income, two people of a split, and then sent home for poor children to school, for families to make ends meet.
Well, the black brick kiln incident cases among both mean survival in the context of ecological deterioration occurred. The things I think to a large extent means that the continued deterioration of the ecological survival of the case, the underlying process of continually fall. We often say that when the community in the crash, creating a number of heartless of the rich and the poor has also maintained a hard-working, simple character, but may be not true, the poor will follow the fall occurred, and they fall in the process even more than the downfall of the whole society. Why? because his hands have the resources to resist this degradation process. so that we are going to face very difficult emotional words, it is often called there must be hateful place, The.
black brick kiln incident reflected an extreme form, but in daily life such a thing too much, an old man, the old lady was hit by a car, run car accident, and sent the old man to the hospital, and then Lai, he was hit, not only is not Thanksgiving, but good deed goes unpunished, it is not a corrupt process? But you think about it, things are so simple? In fact, he did not have the resources to resist this degradation process. you think he was hit by a car, a broken leg, surgery requires fifteen thousand, run car accident, can not find five million people that have themselves, and then saw the man to save him, opened the car is still a good, long glowing, and looks more money, forget you like people to do in the end, no amount of fifteen thousand out of it, this thing happened.
But people will feel more deeply at this sad time, that is, that you poor people that give you a pity not to bad. But the problem now, you poor, there are many of the problems may be the body, people feel sympathetic to your point is superfluous, we do not think this is the deeper tragedy it? Therefore, we feel that society must be careful to do good, which is the degeneration process caused by the weak, but the problem is corrupt themselves? The question is whether the fall from somewhere. like too many things, a movie last year called the , span of this fellow's body back home, the result is what? everyone he was filled with suspicion, then the families of the deceased did not speak with him.
the question was raised, the poor among the poor with you can trust ? each other between the poor and the poor care? This is caused by our deep brick kilns place. This is my first question to talk about how we look at the black brick kiln incident.
second question, the black brick kiln incident background.
the process of differentiation between rich and poor is a rich-poor divide
process and social structure shape the process of analyzing the black brick kiln incident, and now in Japan, is actually a Chinese, now teaching in Japan, a jurist, called Ji Weidong, he used a word he considered these kiln workers piece of land, have almost no living space, farming is not money, this is a common hundreds of millions of farmers saying that no longer make money by farming, agriculture has not become a profitable industry So he called to do these economic refugees.
the deterioration of ecological survival and this is occurring in this context. But with such a sharp contrast to the background is our society in recent years in Another occurrence of the process, this process is it? We call it an unprecedented scale distribution of wealth. This process is concentrated in the last three to five years time, say three to five years away, said almost a year half. Such a process of distribution of wealth, some people may have realized, some people may not explicitly aware of, but you look around you, you will immediately feel the world has changed. know, the word is in a very poor place, wages are only tens of dollars a month, we gotta find a word to describe a lot more money than those who we are, how to describe it? We called him a millionaire. Weng Fu and call it, at least two meanings: First, you envy him; second, the rich can also call Dion, that you do not hate him, do not envy him, and why? because you are very far away from him . like Bill. Gates, you will envy him? not, he is not with you in a world.
a sudden, you look around, including the present, more than forty, thirty more than five years old, there is still that is not a millionaire, in Guangzhou, you have a seventy to eighty square meters, hundred meters to the house, this is not for seven or eight hundred thousand it? tattered family together, not to a million yet? Suddenly, all around, you find a millionaire, I am at Tsinghua University, next to a small, second-hand housing prices are already approaching eighteen thousand, and fifty square meters of millionaires there, plus a little ragged on is a millionaire. While You look like a millionaire, but you really want to value millions of things, but do not you think the millions, and have said for twenty thousand dollars on a murderous , forming a contrast to murder you, these two years the process of distribution of wealth is more than one million, a million allocated for the unit. For example, you have a million two years ago, you bought a million houses, and now the house value of two million, and even give you a million points. Last year you had a million, bought a million shares, even if you do not see eye eyes closed, this time at least have two million, and that is to give you a million points. But if the past two years I did not buy a house, do not buy stocks, I would be taken in the construction site foreman, and then you have not assigned a point, you have not assigned a point, I'm sorry You have to bear the cost of these points, what price? you have to buy according to the price of pork, right now! This is another of a process that is behind it? is what I have said, and now we face a unprecedented process of distribution of wealth.
why there is this process of distribution of wealth? and our development patterns. mode of development among our people have a common feeling, the feeling in Guangzhou may be weaker, our thirty years of rapid economic development as the world economic miracle, but if our revenue growth is not so how fast, to improve our lives is not so how fast the process is real or fake? I think it is true. three decades the development of wealth to go there? We would first think of the rich took it right? right. But you think about it, the rich take only a small part of them, or part, if not a small part of it, that he take away is limited. that the rich take is limited, the state took away? It also, every year we double-digit GDP growth, the country's fiscal revenue growth is also double-digit growth, but careful thought, in fact, take away the State is limited. something where to? said that we did not get rich, take away limited to pocket is also limited, according to my personal opinion, a considerable part of the No distribution of wealth. This is not assigned, Where? I think a considerable part of the precipitate, settling in what areas? settle in our land, our house, our business-type assets, which, our stock market years, even in our currency. so appreciation can be said of the wealth of precipitation in the middle of re-discovery process. Now the world has a saying, no one to three million previously but now will not be sold thirty million, settling in which wealth is re-discovered, at least three people can take away. The first is foreign capital, if the dollars into yuan, the existence of your bank, plus the interest rate of RMB appreciation of the RMB rate, as long as U.S. interest rates than the foreign market this wealth can take another job.
but over the past few years, experience has shown that working hours do not go by, and why ? because we did not labor allocation mechanism according to the planned economy under the conditions of allocation according to the mechanism of labor, rising wages, but now a market economy, and good market economy, which is also allocated according to the mechanism of labor, like the West why the second After World War II, rapidly increased the income of workers, and finally form a large middle class, because it has a mechanism. The mechanism is it? is the right of workers to fight for their own interests, and this right to fight for the interests It has the ability to act.
not go according to how to do the labor divided? That in accordance with the capital to points, so the real estate and stock market, stock market and real estate hot hot because of what is now the most realistic wealth distribution process Therefore, a number of forums on the Internet occasionally to see the case, said to share the results of the reform to buy stocks, what does that mean? This is one of the people to understand. Of course the time to buy a house, but did not say this slogan. This is what? I said, according to the capital to points. you have, such as said before, you bought a million of room, give you a million points, you have a million last year, the stock of money, but also give you points for a million, but if you did not buy the stock not only buy a house, just moving bricks at a construction site, that not even a dime points.
This is an unprecedented process of distribution of wealth, the scale of the process of distribution of wealth How big is it? at least a dozen to tens of trillions of trillions, that is, stocks and houses. assumption is that more than ten trillion, is the concept? our annual total wages, salaries, bonuses, allowances together is twenty-five thousand billion, which is over two trillion less than three trillion, but the place is now more than ten trillion, or even tens of trillions of wealth distribution process. we talked about earlier occurrence of the black brick background, for one twenty thousand get the money one year, it is necessary murderous, murder, we do not think these are two completely different worlds? a great contrast it? behind in this thing what is it?
I think Since the nineties we have two very important process is very worthy of attention, resulting in an end today. I'm saying this, I would like to have a basic way of thinking, I want to say a few words. We Over the past always said since the reform, the reform front, as if we are since the reform towards the same direction, this is not it? Yes, this is a coordinate, but the coordinates will make our three decades since the reform of the important changes that have occurred since important turning point loss sensitive, in fact, Chinese society in the late nineties in the event of some important, fundamental changes, to say the least say the allocation of resources, in the eighties to early nineties, China's resource allocation , we see a dim view if it is spread from the center to the surrounding process. at that time began to have started life in rural areas, so sing became the first million households, it is the early eighties to the nineties, it is a resource-proliferation process. to the mid-nineties, the whole direction has changed, very strange things in China, after 97 years is An important turning point, the original director of Chinese Academy of Sciences Sociology Lu Xueyi told me the old, the original in Shanghai, Shanghai people have told me that 97 years after the change is a new year, I saw farmers, the farmers have said that 97 years. ninety mid, the whole community resources to focus on a few places, from rural to urban concentration, medium and small cities to large cities from the concentration of focus from the big cities to large cities, among the minority groups in big cities, small classes, the hands of a few individuals concentration of resources is a centralized process.
resources on the process, we can see that a few years ago is symbolic, called long number of years, even centuries of trees, one also five hundred dollars. What does that mean? is your place, the company commander is not a tree with a beautiful point, get to the city. It is a symbol of of things, say what? resources concentrated. So rich and poor concentration changes, the widening gap between rich and poor, that is, caused by such a process. resources are concentrated in the process, we can see the pattern of the whole society has changed completely .
structure of the process of shaping what is the structure of stereotypes
process? the poor and the rich, the poor and the rich man who is almost eighty years have rich and poor, but the moment he is poor, and while he was rich, always changing, but today is not the case, who is the poor who are less wealthy, and young friends here, or more, you certainly are promising, but there with my same age, everything with me same age, and until now have not become rich, I say enough to choke, and the social fixed. not easy to change, is a very important threshold of high society, you see that the first batch of real estate, some borrowed tens of thousands of dollars to engage in real estate, a country famous real estate, began to borrow fifty thousand dollars in real estate, now famous, and is not borrowed, but to give you fifty thousand, five hundred thousand, five million, get a real estate to try, is not possible, because the threshold high. not only the threshold high,UGG boots, you go to put a vegetable stall markets, it may not get in, because that rely on the accumulation of personal connections, rely on experience. The society began to stereotype, and stereotypes are, after a series of questions to come, other issues I do not speak, and on and today the subject is linked to what? is a start down the lower curing, began to appear .
just talked about the eighties, the eighties where the self-employed come from? self-employed has become China's first batch of rich, self-employed where you come from? self-employed are often at the lowest social status of Chinese people, the educated youth back to the city, family no background, authorities can not get in, no unit, only the welfare of the factory in the streets, there was what people said to get rich? dubious individuals better off, and down the mountain, what is coming down the mountain ? is released from prison back. These are the people at the lowest social status, access to the first reform and opening up opportunity. But if now or in the lower, and up a little possibility.
those of us in discuss these issues, as funny cricket, cricket was placed in a pot, a small place to fight the badly beaten, and now we are in such a state. But can cricket may not have the original lid, but Now close the lid, you do not want to come out easy. This is a social structure in the shape of the underlying context of the state, or bottom, and such a state is closely linked to the background. This is the second big problem.
third major problem, optimization of social structure, and create space for the survival of the majority.
I have recently been speaking in many places this issue, we now live in a rapidly developing economy, but the rich and poor In the rapidly expanding gap between the societies, which in such a society there is a problem, how do we make the vast majority of people in this community were to have a life position, to have a living space, or even say it is not great Most people, but everyone in this society, and have a place, there is a space. We can not deny that the rapid development of economy, we can not deny that the vast majority of people in improving the income and living, but we can not deny In recent years, the state is actually lower the worsening trend. why? is the lower for the society, he points out, had been formed just said it, and then more and more that you shape the community is redundant, So that is among the lower classes in society has become increasingly can not find his place.
In this case, we now talk about building a harmonious society, I think we faced such a problem, whether it is that one class, whether it is that one group, whether that of a person, as long as the members of our society, who were all in this society should have a Health ...